| Vocabulary Words | Meanings |
|---|---|
| jab | to poke or stab at something suddenly |
| jackal | a wild animal that looks like a dog |
| jacket | a short coat. The same word also means a loose paper cover on a book |
| jagged | having sharp and rough edges |
| jaguar | a fierce wild animal, rather like a leopard |
| jail | another word for prison. Sometimes the word is spelled gaol |
| jalap | a purgative medicine |
| jam | fruit cooked together with sugar until it is thick and soft |
| jar | a pottery or glass container with a wide opening |
| jargon | confused unintelligible talk |
| jaundice | a disease with yellowness in the eye and skin, loss of appetite |
| javelin | a light spear thrown from the hand |
| jaw | one of the two large bones your teeth grow in |
| jealous | wishing you had something someone else has; full of jealousy |
| jeans | trousers made of a strong cotton cloth |
| jeep | a small open motor vehicle used by the army |
| jeer | to make fun of someone in an unkind way |
| jelly | a transparent wobbly food, usually fruit-flavoured |
| jerk | a short sudden movement |
| jersey | a tight-fitting knitted pullover with sleeves |
| jest | to say something to make people laugh; to joke |
| jet | a rush of liquid or gas through a small opening in a pipe or hose. The same word also means a kind of aeroplane without propellers |
| jewel | a valuable stone, like a diamond or emerald |
| jewellery | necklaces, bracelets, rings, brooches and other ornaments made of jewels and precious metals, such as gold and silver |
| jig | a jolly dance |
| jigsaw | a fine saw that can cut wood or cardboard into small curved and straight pieces |
| jigsaw puzzle | a puzzle made of odd-shaped pieces cut by a jigsaw. You have to put them together to make a picture |
| jingle | a clinking tinkling sound made by coins or bells |
| job | work done, usually for money |
| jockey | a boy or man who rides a horse in a race |
| jocular | humorous, sportive |
| jog | to move along more quickly than walking, but not so fast as running. The same word also means to give a little push, as when you jog someone’s elbow |
| jogtrot | a slow easy trot, monotonous, a slow routine |
| join | to put together or fasten. The same word also means to become a member of a group, such as a club or a choir |
| joint | the place where two parts of something grow or are joined together |
| jointly | in a joint manner, together, unitedly |
| joke | something a person says or does to make you laugh |
| jollity | mirth, merriment, gaiety, joviality |
| jolly | cheerful; full of fun |
| jolt | to move forward in jerky movements. The same word also means a bump or shaking-up |
| jostle | to push or knock against someone, usually in a crowd |
| journal | another word for a magazine or newspaper. The same word also means a diary |
| journalism | occupation of writing, conducting a journal |
| journey | a trip. When you travel from one place to another you make a journey |
| jovial | cheerful; jolly |
| joy | a feeling of great happiness |
| judge | the person in authority in a court of law who decides how someone who has done wrong should be punished |
| judicial | pertaining to courts of justice |
| jug | a container with a handle, used for pouring milk and other liquids |
| juggler | someone who is very clever at balancing things and keeping them moving in the air |
Non-defining relative clause
Non-defining relative clauses are placed after nouns which are definite already.
The adjective clause which does not define the noun before it but gives additional information about the noun is called the non-defining relative clause.